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●词性:名词 (约60%)

♬英/əˈsɔːlt/美/əˈsɔːlt/

⊕1、攻击(他人)的犯罪行为

→The crime of trying or threatening to hurt someone physically

使用率:高频(约25%)

用法:不可数名词。此为专门的法律术语,指“试图或威胁对他人进行身体伤害”的这一类犯罪行为本身,不指具体次数。常与表示“犯下、被控、定罪”的动词(如commit, charge with, convict of)连用。

常用搭配:

commit assault(犯下攻击罪)

charge with assault(以攻击罪起诉)

convict of assault(判定攻击罪成立)

accused of assault(被指控攻击)

assault and battery(攻击与殴击)

sexual assault(性侵犯)

aggravated assault(加重攻击罪)

assault with a deadly weapon(使用致命武器攻击)

例句:

He was charged with ☞assault☜ after threatening his neighbor with a knife.

(在用刀威胁邻居后,他被控攻击罪。)

The maximum penalty for ☞assault☜ can be several years in prison.

(攻击罪的最高刑罚可达数年监禁。)

She was arrested for ☞assault☜ with a deadly weapon.

(她因使用致命武器攻击而被捕。)

The court found him guilty of ☞assault☜.

(法庭判定他攻击罪成立。)

In many jurisdictions, ☞assault☜ is defined by the threat of violence, not necessarily physical contact.

(在许多司法管辖区,攻击罪由暴力威胁界定,而不一定需要身体接触。)

He pleaded guilty to ☞assault☜ to avoid a trial.

(为避免庭审,他对攻击罪表示认罪。)

The company's policy states that any employee who commits ☞assault☜ will be terminated immediately.

(公司政策规定,任何犯下攻击罪的员工将被立即解雇。)

There is a clear legal distinction between ☞assault☜ (the threat) and battery (the actual physical contact).

(在攻击(威胁)和殴击(实际身体接触)之间有明确的法律区分。)

⊕2、攻击;袭击

→A violent physical attack

使用率:高频(约23%)

用法:可数名词。指身体上的暴力攻击,常与介词on 连用后接攻击对象。在法律语境中特指“侵犯人身罪”,可构成“sexual assault(性侵犯)”、“aggravated assault(加重攻击罪)”等特定罪名。

常用搭配:

assault on someone(对某人的攻击)

physical assault(身体攻击)

sexual assault(性侵犯)

aggravated assault(加重攻击罪)

assault charge(攻击指控)【指被控方被指控对他人进行攻击或威胁的罪名。】

assault rifle(突击步枪)

indecent assault(猥亵侵犯)

under assault(遭受攻击)

例句:

He was arrested for ☞assault☜ after the fight.

(他在斗殴后因攻击罪被捕。)

The victim suffered serious injuries in the ☞assault☜.

(受害者在袭击中受了重伤。)

She filed a complaint about the ☞assault☜ at the police station.

(她在警察局就这次攻击事件提出了投诉。)

The ☞assault☜ on the elderly man shocked the community.

(对那位老人的攻击震惊了社区。)

The court is handling an ☞assault☜ case this week.

(法院本周正在处理一起攻击案件。)

Witnesses described the ☞assault☜ as sudden and violent.

(目击者描述这次袭击突然而暴力。)

The ☞assault☜ occurred in broad daylight.

(这次攻击发生在光天化日之下。)

He faced an ☞assault☜ charge for hitting another person.

(他因殴打他人面临攻击指控。)

⊕3、军事攻击;猛攻

→A military attack, a sudden and violent attack on a fortified place

使用率:中频(约7%)

用法:可数名词。指军队对防御工事或敌军阵地的突然猛烈的攻击,常与介词on 连用。

常用搭配:

military assault(军事攻击)

assault on a fortress(对要塞的猛攻)

mount an assault(发动攻击)

assault craft(突击艇)

final assault(最后的突击)

例句:

The rebels are poised for a new ☞assault☜ on the government garrisons.

(叛军准备对政府军驻地发动新的攻击。)

The battalion held out for a week in the face of heavy enemy ☞assaults☜.

(在敌人猛烈进攻下,这个营坚守了一星期。)

The soldiers launched a daring night ☞assault☜ on the enemy position.

(士兵们对敌军阵地发动了一次大胆的夜袭。)

The castle walls were strengthened to withstand any ☞assault☜.

(城墙被加固以抵御任何攻击。)

The general planned a massive ☞assault☜ at dawn.

(将军计划在黎明时分发动大规模攻击。)

The success of the ☞assault☜ depended on the element of surprise.

(这次突袭的成功取决于出其不意。)

After three days of bombing,the ground ☞assault☜ began.

(经过三天的轰炸,地面进攻开始了。)

The special forces led the ☞assault☜ on the compound.

(特种部队领导了对大院的突击。)

⊕4、攻坚;硬仗

→A determined or serious attempt to do something difficult

使用率:低频(约5%)

用法:可数名词。此为引申义,指为完成某项困难任务而付出的坚决努力,或比喻性的“硬仗”。

常用搭配:

assault on something(对某项困难的攻坚)

assault on poverty(向贫困宣战)

mount an assault(发起攻坚)

例句:

Women's groups have demanded a nationwide ☞assault☜ on sexism in the workplace.

(妇女团体要求在全国范围内对职场性别歧视发起攻坚。)

The team began their final ☞assault☜ on the summit.

(小队开始了向顶峰的最后冲击。)

She died heroically during an ☞assault☜ on the world's second-highest mountain.

(她在向世界第二高峰发起冲击时英勇牺牲。)

The new policy is part of a major ☞assault☜ on poverty.

(新政策是对贫困发起的一场重大攻坚的一部分。)

The book is a brilliant ☞assault☜ on traditional ideas.

(这本书是对传统观念的有力冲击。)

They made a last ☞assault☜ to complete the work before the deadline.

(为了在截止日期前完成工作,他们发起了最后一次冲刺。)

The scientist's innovative approach was an ☞assault☜ on conventional thinking.

(这位科学家的创新方法是对传统思维的一次冲击。)

The company launched a new ☞assault☜ on the market with its latest product.

(公司用其最新产品向市场发起了新的冲击。)

●词性:及物动词 (约40%)

♬英/əˈsɔːlt/美/əˈsɔːlt/

⊕1、攻击;袭击

→To violently attack someone or something

使用率:高频(约35%)

用法:及物动词,后必须接宾语。指对身体或事物发动暴力攻击,常用于被动语态。在法律语境中,assault 可以指威胁或企图进行身体伤害(即使未实际接触),而 battery 则指实际实施了有害或冒犯性的身体接触。

常用搭配:

assault someone(攻击某人)

assault a police officer(攻击警察)

be assaulted(被袭击)

例句:

The gang ☞assaulted☜ him with iron bars.

(该团伙用铁棒袭击了他。)

He was brutally ☞assaulted☜.

(他遭到毒打。)

The crowd ☞assaulted☜ the building during the protest.

(人群在抗议期间冲击了建筑物。)

She ☞assaulted☜ her coworker in a fit of anger.

(她一气之下攻击了同事。)

The law prohibits anyone from ☞assaulting☜ another person.

(法律禁止任何人攻击他人。)

He ☞assaulted☜ the security guard and tried to escape.

(他袭击了保安并试图逃跑。)

The victim was ☞assaulted☜ with a blunt object.

(受害者被钝器袭击。)

They were arrested for ☞assaulting☜ a public official.

(他们因袭击公职人员而被捕。)

He had attempted to sexually ☞assault☜ the woman.

(他试图对该妇女进行性侵犯。)

◆总结→

◎核心词性:名词、及物动词

◎高频场景:

法律案件(如“攻击指控”)、军事行动、冲突描述、日常争吵和克服艰难任务的语境。

◎学习重点:

区分名词和动词用法;掌握名词与介词on 的搭配;动词为及物动词,必须接宾语;注意物理攻击与抽象“攻坚”的上下文差异。

◎使用要点:

名词是可数的,需根据上下文使用单复数;

动词必须带宾语;被动语态常见于描述被攻击情况。

◎易错点:

避免混淆名词和动词的搭配,例如名词用assault on,动词直接接宾语;

通过语境对比:物理攻击常涉及身体接触(如 He assaulted her),抽象攻击如克服困难(如 an assault on the summit)。